Multinational firms (MNEs) are more likely to trade not only with countries in which they have affiliates, but also with other countries within their affiliates’ region. These patterns point to firm-level scale economies that arise when the fixed costs to source from, or sell in, a market are shared across all the MNE’s plants.

This work offers new insights into the effects of persistent fiscal deficits on US inflation, revealing that targeted income redistribution during COVID increased short-term inflation significantly. The largest sustainable primary deficit is 4.6% of GDP, or 40% higher than current levels, dependent on how deficit spending is distributed.

With modest transfers per ton of net CO2, Brazil would find it optimal to choose policies that produce substantial capture of greenhouse gasses in the next 30 years, suggesting that the management of tropical forests could play an important role on climate change mitigation in the near future.

Monetary transmission is significantly larger for online banks; compared to brick-and-mortar banks, a 100-basis point increase in the federal funds rate leads to an approximately-30-basis-point larger increase in deposit rates offered by online banks.

Areas affected by the 1950s drought where access to credit was constrained experienced sharp declines in bank lending, net emigration, and population declines. In contrast, agricultural investment and long-run productivity increased in drought-exposed areas with access to credit, even allowing some of these areas to surpass similar areas that were unaffected by the drought.

This novel study documents the importance of contextual information for asset pricing, revealing context-adjusted profitability’s superior ability to explain expected returns, both statistically and economically, compared to conventional operating profitability.

Households and small businesses paid an extra $204 million and $92 million annually, respectively, in Upstate New York because of increased electricity consumption from cryptominers; while in China, where electricity prices are fixed, rationing of electricity in cities with cryptomining deteriorates wages and investments.

Cryptocurrency holders are younger, male, less likely to be white, and more libertarian relative to non-crypto holders. They also expect much higher rates of returns for crypto and perceive it as relatively safer than do other households. Information about historical returns for cryptocurrencies leads individuals to increase their desired share of crypto holdings and makes them more likely to purchase cryptocurrency.