This paper describes a new publicly available dataset on shutdown orders and related policies at the county and city level across the United States during the early part of the COVID-19 crisis, from March through May of 2020. In hundreds of counties around the country, local governments issued sheltering orders before their state did. Larger counties and counties with higher incidence of the disease and lower GOP vote shares were more likely to enact early sheltering policies. Basic analysis of the economic impact of the orders indicates that the county-level information is important and substantially more accurate than using state-level information alone.

More on this topic

BFI Working Paper·Mar 10, 2025

The Curious Surge of Productivity in U.S. Restaurants

Austan Goolsbee, Chad Syverson, Rebecca Goldgof, and Joe Tatarka
Topics: COVID-19, Employment & Wages, Industrial Organization
BFI Working Paper·Feb 10, 2025

Policy Interventions and China’s Stock Market in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Steven Davis, Dingqian Liu, Xuguang Simon Sheng, and Yan Wang
Topics: COVID-19, Financial Markets
BFI Working Paper·Feb 4, 2025

Local GDP Estimates Around the World

Esteban Rossi-Hansberg and Jialing Zhang
Topics: COVID-19, Economic Mobility & Poverty