Using a large-scale survey of U.S. households during the COVID-19 pandemic, we study how new information about fiscal and monetary policy responses to the crisis affects households’ expectations. We provide random subsets of participants in the Nielsen Homescan panel with different combinations of information about the severity of the pandemic, recent actions by the Federal Reserve, stimulus measures, as well as recommendations from health officials. This experiment allows us to assess to what extent these policy announcements alter the beliefs and spending plans of households. In short, they do not, contrary to the powerful effects they have in standard macroeconomic models.

More on this topic

BFI Working Paper·Aug 31, 2026

The Anatomy and Evolution of Survey Error

Bruce Meyer, Nikolas Mittag, Derek Wu, Anthony Tatarka, and Patrick Langetieg
Topics: Fiscal Studies
BFI Working Paper·Jul 8, 2026

How Does Monetary and Fiscal Policy Affect the Economy in the Face of Large Shocks?

Greg Kaplan and Ken Miyahara
Topics: Fiscal Studies, Monetary Policy
BFI Working Paper·Jul 8, 2026

Seemingly Anchored Inflation Expectations

Ulrike Malmendier and Stefan Nagel
Topics: Monetary Policy