We build a model of firm-level innovation, productivity growth and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between high and low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the parameters of the model using US Census micro data on firm-level output, R&D and patenting. The model provides a good fit to the dynamics of firm entry and exit, output and R&D. Taxing the continued operation of incumbents can lead to sizable gains (of the order of 1.4% improvement in welfare) by encouraging exit of less productive firms and freeing up skilled labor to be used for R&D by high-type incumbents. Subsidies to the R&D of incumbents do not achieve this objective because they encourage the survival and expansion of low-type firms.

More on this topic

BFI Working Paper·Jan 6, 2025

Interest Rate Risk in Banking

Peter M. DeMarzo, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and Stefan Nagel
Topics: Fiscal Studies
BFI Working Paper·Jan 3, 2025

A Market Interpretation of Treatment Effects

Robert Minton and Casey Mulligan
Topics: Fiscal Studies
BFI Working Paper·Nov 20, 2024

How Much Does U.S. Fiscal System Redistribute?

Tom Coleman and David A. Weisbach
Topics: Fiscal Studies