This paper uses insights from decision theory under uncertainty to explore research challenges in climate economics. We embrace a broad perspective of uncertainty with three components: risk (probabilities assigned by a given model), ambiguity (level of confidence in alternative models), and misspecification (potential shortfalls in existing models). We survey recent climate science research that exposes the uncertainty in climate dynamics that is pertinent in economic analyses and relevant for using models to provide policy guidance. The uncertainty components and their implications for decision theory help us frame this evidence and expose the modeling and evidential challenges.

More on this topic

BFI Working Paper·Jan 6, 2026

Green Waste

Ingvil Gaarder, Morten Grindaker, Tom G. Meling, and Magne Mogstad
Topics: Energy & Environment
BFI Working Paper·Jan 6, 2026

Renewable Energy Expansion: Key Challenges and Emerging Opportunities

Koichiro Ito
Topics: Energy & Environment
BFI Working Paper·Oct 21, 2025

Option Value of Apex Predators: Evidence from a River Discontinuity

Eyal Frank, Anouch Missirian, Dominic P. Parker, and Jennifer L. Raynor
Topics: Energy & Environment