Using a large-scale survey of U.S. households during the COVID-19 pandemic, we study how new information about fiscal and monetary policy responses to the crisis affects households’ expectations. We provide random subsets of participants in the Nielsen Homescan panel with different combinations of information about the severity of the pandemic, recent actions by the Federal Reserve, stimulus measures, as well as recommendations from health officials. This experiment allows us to assess to what extent these policy announcements alter the beliefs and spending plans of households. In short, they do not, contrary to the powerful effects they have in standard macroeconomic models.

More on this topic

BFI Working Paper·Oct 12, 2026

Gains from Trade in Gun Policy: A Compensation-Based Benchmark

Brad Shapiro, Sara Drango, and Sarah Moshary
Topics: Fiscal Studies, Health care
BFI Working Paper·Sep 28, 2026

Crime in Covid Times

Jens Ludwig
Topics: COVID-19
BFI Working Paper·Aug 31, 2026

The Anatomy and Evolution of Survey Error

Bruce Meyer, Nikolas Mittag, Derek Wu, Anthony Tatarka, and Patrick Langetieg
Topics: Fiscal Studies