New technologies that exhibit economies of scale, that confer low adoption costs for new entrants, and that require organizational learning, give rise to superstar firms for a long period of time. These firms enjoy systematic advantages relative to both firms...

Parental income and family structure during childhood and adolescence affect adult income, with these familial influences strongest in middle childhood and adolescence. The effects of income and family structure trajectories exhibit a complementary relationship during key developmental periods.

China’s policymaking has historically been highly decentralized, with 82% of local policies originating as local initiatives, but since 2013 has become substantially more centralized as political incentives shifted from rewarding bottom-up innovation to strict enforcement of central policies. Top-down industrial...