We develop an empirical Bayes ranking procedure that assigns ordinal grades to noisy measurements, balancing the information content of the assigned grades against the expected frequency of ranking errors. Applying the method to a massive correspondence experiment, we grade the race and gender contact gaps of 97 U.S. employers, the identities of which we disclose for the first time. The grades are presented alongside measures of uncertainty about each firm’s contact gap in an accessible report card that is easily adaptable to other settings where ranks and levels are of simultaneous interest.


View Interactive Research Brief

More on this topic

BFI Working Paper·Sep 18, 2026

Public Perceptions of Discrimination at Large Firms

Patrick Kline, Evan K. Rose, and Christopher Walters
Topics: Employment & Wages
BFI Working Paper·Sep 14, 2026

How Disability Benefits in Early Life Affect Adult Outcomes

Manasi Deshpande, Alessandra Voena, and Jason B. Weitze
Topics: Economic Mobility & Poverty, Employment & Wages
BFI Working Paper·Aug 24, 2026

The Effects of SNAP Sugary Drink Restrictions on Consumption and Welfare

Hunt Allcott, Amy Finkelstein, Anna Grummon, and Matthew Notowidigdo
Topics: Economic Mobility & Poverty, Health care